The history of etched prints (often characterized by a "noir" or black, moody aesthetic, particularly in the 19th century) originated in the early 16th century as a method for decorating armor before becoming a prominent, painterly printmaking technique. While traditional etching produces detailed black lines via acid-bitten copper plates, the "noir" style gained momentum in 19th-century France as artists explored dream states and dark, urban scenes.

Second Level dressage introduces true collection and lateral movements. The horse must accept more weight on the hindquarters, move with an uphill tendency, and perform medium gaits, 10-meter canter circles, simple changes of lead, travers (haunches-in), renvers (haunches-out), and shoulder-in.

Shoulder-In: The horse is bent around the inside leg of the rider, moving at a 30-degree angle off the track. The forehand moves inward while the outside fore and hind legs track straight.

COLLECTION/COLLECTED (WALK, TROT, OR CANTER) At trot and canter, a pace with shorter steps and a more uphill balance than in the working pace, with no sacrifice of impulsion. The horse’s frame is shorter, with the neck stretched and arched upward. The tempo remains nearly the same as in the medium or extended pace. At walk, a pace with shorter steps and a more uphill balance than in the medium walk, with no sacrifice of activity. The neck oscillates less than in the medium and extended paces and the frame is shorter, with the neck stretched and arched upward. The tempo remains nearly the same as in the medium or extended pace. Note: It is a common misconception that the hind legs step further forward under the body in collection. This is not consonant with the shorter strides required in collection. In the collected paces, the hind feet are picked up relatively sooner after passing behind the hip and spend relatively more time on the ground (stance phase)